$Action is a global variable. All objects support basic actions, such as new, clone, view, edit, list, and delete. The $Action global also references actions available on many standard objects.

Example:

<apex:page standardController="Account">
    
    <!--Create Account New Record-->
    <apex:outputLink value="{!URLFOR($Action.Account.New)}">
        Creating New Account
    </apex:outputLink>
    
    <!--Edit Account Record -->
    <apex:outputLink value="{!URLFOR($Action.Account.Edit, Account.Id)}">
        Editing record
    </apex:outputLink>
    
    <!--Delete Account Record-->
    <apex:outputLink value="{!URLFOR($Action.Account.Delete, Account.Id)}">
        Deleting Account Record
    </apex:outputLink>
    
    <!--Navigate to Account List view-->
    <apex:outputLink value="{!URLFOR($Action.Account.List, $ObjectType.Account)}">
        Go to the Account List View
    </apex:outputLink>
    
    <!--Navigate to Account Tab-->
    <apex:outputLink value="{!URLFOR($Action.Account.Tab, $ObjectType.Account)}">
        Go to the Account tab
    </apex:outputLink>
</apex:page>

You can reference following actions with the $Action global variable and the objects on which you can perform those actions.