Profile:

• A Profile is a collection of settings and permissions that controls the user what they have to do in the application and with access what they have.
• A profile controls “Object permissions, Field permissions, User permissions, Tab settings, App settings, Apex class access, Visualforce page access, Page layouts, Record Types, Login hours & Login IP ranges.
• Defining profile for a user is mandatory.

Role:

• A role controls the level of visibility that users have into your organization’s data. Mainly is going to provide the record level security.
• Users at any given role level can view, edit, and report on all data owned by or shared with users below them in the hierarchy, unless your organization’s sharing model for an object specifies otherwise.
• It is not mandatory that a user should have a role.

Important Points to Remember in Salesforce:

• We can track 20 fields for an object. We can’t track Roll-Up Summary and formula fields. We can’t create Roll-Up Summary field on User object.
• Capacity of picklist values are 300.
• Lenght of Check syntax: 4000 characters
• Length of the formula: 1300 characters. Size of the formula: 5000 bytes
• Only 10 Roll-Up Summary fields we can create per an object. We can create Roll-Up Summary field on parent object to perform operations on child object.
• Roll-Up Summary field performs 4 types of operations on child object. They are 1.Count 2.Sum 3.Min 4.Max.
• We can add 20 components for a dashboard.
• We can display 1000 records on each visualforce page.
• PageBlockSectionItem will take only 2 visualforce components.
• Standard fields are Owner, Name, Created By, Last Modified By, Currency, Division.
• We can’t create Look-Up or Master-Detail Relationship on User Object.